Lady Macbeth - 1003 Words

Lady Macbeth Lady Macbeth is the most interesting and complex character in the play. She is, in fact, the point on which the action pivots: without her there is no play. Macbeth s most interesting and complex character is most certainly, as the question states, Lady Macbeth. The purpose of this essay is to describe Lady Macbeth s role in the play and discuss why this makes her the most fascinating character. Her evil doings are the main reasons why she dominates the plot so greatly. These include the following: considers Macbeth to be a wimp not wanting to murder; letting Macbeth fulfill her plan; taking control over Macbeth s thoughts and actions; turning Macbeth from a loyal man to a greedy, coldhearted human being. Also†¦show more content†¦Still asleep Lady Macbeth asks, what, will these hands ne re be clean? foreseeing that she will never have peace of mind. This change in character is truly remarkable considering her dominant nature in Acts one and two. The transformation of the relationship between Lady Macbeth and Macbeth is another interesting part of Lady Macbeth. In acts one and two their relationship is strong and loving. This strength is shown when Macbeth agreements to conduct his wife s plans because of a threat Lady Macbeth made to take away her love. This meant Macbeth was essentially willing to kill so that his relationship with Lady Macbeth continued. After the murder and the crowning of Macbeth the once strong relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth rapidly deteriorates, so much so that when Macbeth hears of his wife s death he does not feel any emotion what-so-ever. When Macbeth became king he and his wife rarely saw each other as Macbeth was occupied in running and protecting Scotland and also himself. At this stage (acts three and four) in the play Lady Macbeth s role is not as evident but when she did make appearances they were usually important to the plot. At the beginning Lady Macbeth finds strength to lure Macbeth to murder King Duncan and to commit the murder herself. As the play progresses, her apparent strength diminishes as she fightsShow MoreRelatedLady Macbeth940 Words   |  4 PagesLady Macbeth Shakespeare, who was a writer born in Stratford-upon-Avon created many different plays, in which he always portrayed the woman as the â€Å"bad guy.† He was born in 1564 and he was a writer, actor and a dramatist. He wrote many plays, mostly revolving around tragedy such as: Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet and Macbeth. Shakespeare was a respected poet, and writer who received recognition after he passed away, April 23rd. 1616. One of Shakespeare’s well-known tragic plays ``Macbeth`` describes howRead MoreLady Macbeth960 Words   |  4 Pagesof time of fast decisions and unsure actions is going to expose them to danger or injury. In the play Lady Macbeth proves this to be true. The emotional mistakes shredded the journey Lady Macbeth puts down throughout this play and eventually ends in her death. She feels overpowered by everything that is happening in two ways, both mentally and physically and decides to end her own life. Play Macbeth by William Shakespeare shows two proper ordinary nobles whose lives twisted together in a whirlwindRead MoreThe Relationship Between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth Essay3134 Words   |  13 PagesThe Relationship Between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth Macbeth and Lady Macbeth face an extraordinary situation involving a strong supernatural theme and murder and treason of the highest kind. However Shakespeare still cleverly manages to make Lady Macbeth and Macbeth relate to audiences of all eras and to convey a strong moral message within his play. The relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth is fascinating to study. Shakespeare constantly changes their attitudeRead MoreLady Macbeth1937 Words   |  8 PagesLady Macbeth Essay I am going to do an essay on a play called Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare. The play is a tragedy, believed to have been written in 1611-12. The play is about a man named Macbeth whom, at first is a kind, tender man who later gets tempted by three foul witches to commit a murder in order to become king. Macbeth’s wife, Lady Macbeth is thrilled by the prophecies given by the witches and is eager for Macbeth to commit the murder. Macbeth disagrees with his wife greatlyRead MoreThe Death Of Lady Macbeth1177 Words   |  5 Pagesbegin with one of Shakespeare’s most beloved and tragic plays, Macbeth. Set in 11th century Scotland there is more than one logical way to interpret the signs, symbols and themes of this intriguing story. There is more than one mystery and obscurity in this play that seems to be left open to the interpretation and imagination of the reader. One compelling occasion in particular is that of the death and supposed suicide of Lady Macbeth. Many critics, readers and other interpreters have discussed theRead MoreLady Macbeth vs. Serena Essay836 Words   |  4 Pages Comparing Serena and Lady Macbeth It is no secret that Ron Rash’s Serena is a very similar character in comparison to Shakespeare’s Lady Macbeth. These two women are very much alike and only slightly different. Though Rash does not claim to base his work off of Macbeth, the two characters resemble each other in a couple different ways. Serena and Lady Macbeth are alike in the fact that they are both ambitious, malicious, and cold-blooded women who are driven by their love for their husbands.Read MoreEssay on Lady Macbeth1109 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the tragedy of Macbeth we observe two people on their attempt to gain power and glory through various foul actions. It can be argued that Lady Macbeth is the one responsible for triggering a slippage into this inevitable situation that led to their descent. From the moment Macbeth became aware of his â€Å"fate† Lady Macbeth started forming her own imaginary world in which her evil plans seemed likely to be effective. The thought of she and her husband being royalty makes her dismiss rationalityRead MoreThe Downfall of Lady Macbeth1371 Words   |  6 PagesIn Shakespeare’s Macbeth, Lady Macbeth’s desire and ambition leads to her eventual downfall. When Lady Macbeth hears of Macbeth’s prophecy she dreams of the glory and high-standing that awaits being queen. She cannot withhold her ambitions and she is willing to manipulate fate to bring about Macbeth’s prophecy. She invokes evil spirits to be filled from head to toe with cruelty to do the evil actions necessary to make Macbeth king and to remove all remorse and pity for her action from her heart.Read More Lady Macbeth Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pages Term Paper On Lady Macbeth William Shakespeare created a dynamic character called lady Macbeth; she was the total opposite of what women of the Shakespearian era were supposed to be. Despite qualities women were supposed to have in Shakespeare’s time, Lady Macbeth defied the way most women of her time acted. Lady Macbeth defied the ways of women of her time by being manipulative, ambitious, and ruthless. Women’s lifestyles back in Shakespeare’s time period was very different from the modern dayRead MoreLady Macbeth Essay1334 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare portrays Lady Macbeth differently throughout the play. Before the murder of Duncan, she is more naà ¯ve and pure compared to after the murder of King Duncan, where she starts the road to insanity and nervousness. At the very start of the play during Act 1 Scene 5, Lady Macbeth and Macbeth have a very close relationship and they would tell each other anything. At the start of the scene, Lady Macbeth is reading a letter from her husband, Macbeth. Within the letter Macbeth tells her a lot of

Supernatural in Shakespeares Macbeth - Purpose of the...

The Purpose of the Witches in Macbeth One purpose for having the witches in Shakespeares play, Macbeth, is to make a comparison between Macbeths conscious world and Macbeths unconscious, dream world. In this essay, I will touch upon Sigmund Freuds theories of dreams and the unconscious, and consider the nature of the witches and their relationship with Macbeth. I will also explore the relationship between witches and society, and conclude the essay by considering other roles of the witches in the play. Sigmund Freud had a theory on dreams and the unconscious, which I believe, applies to Macbeth. Sigmund in 1923 proposed a new dynamic model of the human psyche. He believed that our brain was divided into three†¦show more content†¦The witches all chant and speak in rhyme and riddle , which is a traditional feature of a seventeenth century real witch. There are three witches. The witches as well as being typical of real witches in the seventeenth century are also disorderly and chaotic like dreams , they both do not keep to spatial reality or time, there are both blurry you never seem to see the full picture , they both show some connection to real life because the witches seem to show what Macbeth desires are and how he can get the, just like a fantasy dream might show what we want and desire. What Macbeth wants is more power and more power for him is to become the king and the witches just like our dreams would present us with what it would be like but the witches go furth er than dreams and tell him how he could obtain his desires. Both dreams and the witches are unrealistic, they do not conform to an ordinary structure. Macbeth lived in a hierarchical society where there is order. Macbeths society honours bravery. Men are warriors, the better warrior they are the better chance they have of being promoted in the assemblage. Macbeth was a great warrior and his value on the battle field meant Macbeth being given more power. Loyalty to the king and country is an immensely important value to a person in Macbeths society. In Macbeths society, a Woman is supposed to be attractive, passive and a good mother. The witches on the other hand are the total opposite; theyShow MoreRelatedRole of Supernatural in Shakespeares a Midsummer Nights Dream1547 Words   |  7 PagesWitches Brew and Fairy Dreams: A Genre Study of Shakespeares Use of the Supernatural (Penn State University, English 444.2: Spring 1998) by Fred Coppersmith Near the end of the opening scene of Macbeth, Shakespeares three Weird Sisters proclaim in unison that fair is foul, and foul is fair, providing us, as readers, with perhaps the best unders tanding of the plays theme and the tragic downfall of its central character. That this revelation -- this pronouncement that all is not well in ScotlandRead MoreThe Supernatural Element Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth1265 Words   |  6 Pageswhat each supernatural element represents in Shakespeare’s society and in our current society. The supernatural elements in Macbeth include fate, the witches, mythological beings, ghosts, and apparitions. I believe that the witches in Shakespeare’s time, in the play and in real life, represent the power of choice. The power to be able to decide to commit murder or any other heinous act or decide to let things naturally happen shows the classic choice between good and evil, but the witches themselvesRead MoreShakespeares Use of the Supernatural in Macbeth Essay868 Words   |  4 PagesThe supernatural was a popular element in many of the plays written in Shakespeares time (including Hamlet) and everyone of Shakespeares time foun d the supernatural fascinating. Even King James I took a special interest in supernatural and written a book, Daemonologie, on witchcraft. It must be remembered that, in Shakespeares day, supernatural referred to things that were above Nature; things which existed, but not part of the normal human life and unexplainable. The play Macbeth involves manyRead More The Supernatural in Shakespeares Works Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesThe Supernatural in Shakespeares Works No one questions the fact that William Shakespeare is a pure genius when it comes to creating immortal characters whose characteristics transcends those of the normal supernatural beings, but most students of literature agree that his uses of the supernatural aren’t merely figments of his creative imagination. Every man, woman, and child is influenced by the age into which they are born and Shakespeare was no exception. Not only does his use of supernaturalRead More Comparing the Supernatural in William Shakespeares Hamlet and Macbeth 921 Words   |  4 PagesComparing the Supernatural in William Shakespeares Hamlet and Macbeth  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   In the time of William Shakespeare there was a strong belief in the existence of the supernatural. Therefore, the supernatural is a recurring theme in many of Shakespeares plays. In two such plays, Hamlet and Macbeth, the supernatural is an integral part of the structure of the plot. It provides a catalyst for action, an insight into character, and an augmentation of the impact of many key scenes. TheRead MoreEssay on James I influence in Shakespeares Writing1519 Words   |  7 Pagesunlocked opportunities to the imagination and the idea of supernatural started to bloom. Although, the supernatural is sometime mistaken with the gods of certain religions, believing in ghosts and witches was independent from the people chosen religion. The question of the existence of the supernatural, or something bigger than us, in 16th century Europe focused mainly on God from the Christian perspective. During this time other supernatural characters were brought to light, affecting the politicsRead MoreShakespeare’s the Tempest, Hamlet, and Macbeth Essay1607 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role of Magic in Shakespeare’s The Tempest, Hamlet, and Macbeth   Ã‚  Ã‚   Like many other themes, magic and supernatural elements play a large role in many of Shakespeare’s works.   The use of magic interests the audience, plays to the imagination, and adds dramatic intrigue to the story, even when the rest of the plot is comprised of believable events.   These themes are most prominent in The Tempest, Hamlet, and Macbeth.   In each of these plays, magic and supernatural occurrences not only play aRead More The Supernatural in Macbeth Essay3374 Words   |  14 PagesThe Supernatural in Macbeth       More than a few elements of the supernatural can be discovered within the action and dialogue of Shakespeares plays.   However, the extent and nature of those elements differs to a large degree.   There are traces of it to be found in Henry V, Pardon, gentles all,/The flat unraised spirit that hath dard...to bring forth/So great and object (Lucy   1).  Ã‚   There are also elements of it apparent in Winters Tale, What I did not well I meant well (Lucy  Read MoreWitches : The Weird Sisters1011 Words   |  5 Pagesof what witches really are about. Children believe that witches fly around on brooms casting spells with their wands. Most â€Å"witches† today are centered on comedy. The idea of witches, however, was formed long ago. Back in the days of Shakespeare, witches were quite different. Bubbling cauldrons. Hooded faces. Ancient, wrinkled robes. And supernatural occurrences. These things are what some theorize to be equated with witches. However, some m ay have been more casual. In William Shakespeare’s play MacbethRead MoreMacbeth by Shakespeare and the Cinematic Interpretation by Roman Polanski1556 Words   |  7 PagesMacbeth by Shakespeare and the Cinematic Interpretation by Roman Polanski Macbeth is one of the great plays written by William Shakespeare in the sixteenth century ,over three and a half centuries ago .It is known all over the world and is still very popular even to this very day.It is the basis of many movies and theatrical plays .One film interpretation was made by Roman Polanski in 1971,centuries after it was first performed in Elizabethan sixteenth century England

Surmounting a Difficult Problem free essay sample

For as long as I can remember, I have had a fear of crashes at high speeds, but my best friend Shone was the complete opposite and never feared a thing. She would Jump off the Eiffel Tower If she had the chance. On the day that I would finally conquer my fear, I was In the back seat of Shanias uncles Ford Explorer with the whole seat to myself. We were on our way to the lake near their cabin where our plan was to go tubing in the water.The only way we would end our turn on the tube was by flipping over and crashing into the water. The road began to get rocky and the smell of wet wood was in the air. We finally reached the loading point for cars with boats. It was not until I was sitting in the boat with my life vest on, had I realized how scared I really was. We will write a custom essay sample on Surmounting a Difficult Problem or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The swaying of the boat the smell of the fishy water made me want to run back to the car and sit this one out. I was shaking slightly, my palms were soaked with sweat and suddenly I felt as if maybe I was going to get sick.However It was too late, I was already in the boat awaiting the Journey ahead. I sat In the very back of the boat facing the front. When I saw Shanias uncle put the key In he Ignition I almost Instinctively grabbed the closest thing to my hand. To my surprise I had grabbed Shanias arm and I had a feeling that I had given away the fact that I was not confident on this event. Caught up in my embarrassment, the sudden acceleration surprised me so much I almost fell off right away. I tried to smile and act like I had done this before, but I had a feeling that they werent going to buy my story.It took a few seconds, but I got use to the speed and even began to find a peace in the wind and the sound it made as it rushed by my ears. I sat in a very upright position with my hands folded and my back straight up. I looked over at Shone and saw her in a reclining position, one hand holding a soda, and the other hanging out of the side of the boat feeling the water that the boat pushed up In large cascades. I tried to relax as Shone did, but I felt as If all my muscles and Joints had made up their minds to stay put until It was my turn to test my courage.Wealth a few minutes the engine was turned off and the boat came to a halt. My peace was lost. All my fear that was carried away with the wind had finally caught up with me as the boat had stopped. Shanias uncle turned around in his rotating captains chair and seed us who would go first. My courage was at an all time low; I became lost in a daydream. I did not notice how distorted my outside appearance was, my mouth was hanging down and my jaw tilted to the left revealing my dimples and wrinkling my forehead. When I realized a long pause had passed, I noticed Shone and her uncle were staring at me with disbelief. After another short pause, Shone finally stood triumphantly as if she just won a prize, and was ready for her victory lap. I figured she was going to volunteer to go first, until I heard the words l vote Chelsea goes first, said Shone. I was so stunned and I had no Idea what to say. When her words finally registered with my brain Showmans uncle had already finished fixing up the rope that would pull me. All that was left was for me to climb on to the tube and hold on.Before I stepped off the boat Shone gave me a pat on the back and whispered backbone. I would have liked to say that this was a Joke, but when I saw the camera in her hand I knew she was serious. I Jumped off the back of the boat and swam to the tube and pulled myself up. Theres no turning back now. Shanias fateful thumb went into the air and I concentrated all my new found courage on gripping the endless and nearly squeezed it in half. I got such an adrenaline rush when I was flung forward for the first time, I could have lifted a truck above my head.I zoomed at what felt like one hundred miles an hour down a long strip of water. The objects passing by reminded me of being on a magic carpet and buzzing through everything in sight. Suddenly I felt a peace of mind; this was not as bad as it had looked before. My grip on the handles loosened and suddenly the only thing between me and the water was air. I hit the water so quick I did not have time to be scared. As I floated in he water, I realized what I had accomplished and now what I could accomplish.Shone has always been there for me when I needed support, and vice versa. This incident seems to stand out to me because it was something I never thought I would ever do, and it was difficult for me to bring myself to do it. After overcoming my fear I came to terms with the fact that its a good learning experience to do something you may be scared to do. If I could go back to that day and had the chance to sit out, I would still bring myself to try it. Maybe someday I will tell Shone how much she helped me through my experience.

Nursing organizations free essay sample

There are numbers of nursing organizations in around the globe; some of them are recognized nationally, such as Aboriginal Nurses Association of Canada, American Nurses Association, An Bord Altranais, Canadian Nurses Association, Indian Nursing Council, Japanese Nursing Association, Nursing Association of Nepal, Nursing Council of New Zealand, Philippine Nurses Association, Philippine Nurses Association of United Kingdom, and Nursing Midwifery Council United Kingdom. Meanwhile, other nursing organizations are more specialized when compared to the latter national organizations; some of them were Association of Womens Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses (AWHONN) and Academy of Neonatal Nursing. The vast range of options in choosing nursing organizations indicates that there is indeed a need for nurses to join at least one of them. According to J. H. â€Å"Professional organizations and associations in nursing are critical for generating the energy, flow of ideas, and proactive work needed to maintain a healthy profession that advocates for the needs of its clients and nurses, and the trust of society. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing organizations or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † (Matthews, 2012) In 1873, the first nursing school for nursed opened in United States. In 1893, during the assembly of nursing leaders in Chicago’s World Fair, they have talked about the need for nurses to have an organization. This organization is composed of superintendents of training schools for nursed. Hence, the Canadian and American nurses who participated in the event formed the American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools for Nurses of the United States and Canada. This organization was then known the National League of Nursing Education. Another organization was formed in the following year, which was named Nurses’ Associated Alumnae of United States and Canada, later on known as American Nurses’ Association. This organization aimed to solve problems in the profession in terms of legal aspects. It aimed to create legal status for those who are currently practicing the profession. Both early organizations aimed to improve the status of nursing as a legal profession both in America and Canada. (Andrist, Nicholas, Wolf, 2006) From history, one can derive one of the main purposes of professional nursing organization, that is, to establish connection to other training institutions and standardize nursing course curricula. Nursing leaders can use professional organizations to seek improvement in current systems of training course. Inside an organization, a nursing leader is handed with resources to gauge if their institution or training school has reached the standard of education an institution must be able to offer to their students and the level of competency their nurses have in terms of professional practice. This is particularly important since there several government regulations today that seek to maintain the standard of education and student competencies. Professional licensure examinations are also placed to gauge the nurses’ competency and preparedness for actual professional work. The failure of students to keep up with the standards will reflect on the institution from which he or she is trained, to the educational system used, and to the nursing leader that was not able to improve the competency of the school. Another important aspect of joining professional organizations in nursing is that nursing leaders are updated to the current trends and resources available. These are important in their professional growth. They are also constantly updated to legal issues and regulations that have mandated by the government. Annual Conventions keep the networking of nursing leaders spread as their knowledge in the career improve. Works Cited

The Life And Works Of Shakespeare Essays - William Shakespeare

The Life And Works Of Shakespeare Essays - William Shakespeare The Life And Works Of Shakespeare William Shakespeare is the world's most admired playwright and poet. He was born in April, 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, about 100 miles northwest of London. According to the records of Stratford's Holy Trinity Church, he was baptized on April 26. As with most sixteenth century births, the actual day is not recorded but people are guessing that he was born on April 23. Shakespeare's parents were John and Mary Shakespeare, who lived in Henley Street, Stratford. John, the son of Richard Shakespeare, was a maker, worker and seller of leather goods like purses, belts and gloves and a dealer in agricultural commodities. He served in Stratford government successively as a member of the Council , constable , chamberlain , alderman and finally high bailiff which is the equivalent of town mayor. About 1577 John Shakespeare's fortunes began to decline for unknown reasons. There are records of debts. William had seven siblings. He was the third child and first born son. In the sixteenth century Stratford-upon-Avon was an important agricultural center and market town. The building in Henley street known today as the birthplace of William Shakespeare was at the time of his birth, two different buildings that John Shakespeare bought at two different times. William went to school at the Stratford Grammar School. He had to show up at six or seven A.M. depending on the season and stay there most of the day, six days a week. William studied many different authors and dramatists including Caesar, Cicero, Virgil, Horace, Livy, and Ovid. Ovid was his favorite. Grammar school was the beginning of Shakespeare's career. Almost everything he mastered he learned there. After grammar school, William went to the Warwickshire Countryside. There he played parts in plays and wrote poetry. The years 1594-1599 were momentous for Shakespeare. He produced a steady stream of plays of the highest quality. He continued as a principal actor and manager in the Chamberlain's men, blessed with a stable work environment in the theater. Finally in 1599, he became part owner in the most prestigious public playhouse in London, the Globe. His first works which were heavily influenced by the classical examples he had learned as a student were The Comedy of Errors and Titus Andronicus. He invented a new genre called the history play. His early works in this genre were the three Henry VI plays, and Richard III. He got his idea for Venis and Adonis and Rape of Lucrece from his favorite author, Ovid. Over the years 1594-1599 the Chamberlain's Men had become the most popular acting company in London, being invited to perform at court far more often than any other group. Shakespeare must have done a great deal of acting. He is listed by Ben Jonson in Jonson's magnificent 1616 Folio of his Works as having acted as the chief comedian in Every Man In His Humour in 1598. The Globe Theater burned down in 1613 and many of Shakespeare's manuscripts were ruined. It was then rebuilt by a carpenter named Peter Rose. Shakespeare's last work before he retired was The Temptest. Then he died in 1616 and was then buried in the Parish Church. His death was sudden and they don't know what caused it but they think he could have lived much longer. Almost all his things went to his oldest daughter Susanne. His younger daughter Judith got 300 pounds, and his wife got all the furniture. After he died Judith married John Quiney. He cheated on her and got another girl pregnant. That baby died. Judith and John had three children together. One they named Shakespeare died as an infant. There other two, Richard and Thomas died at the ages of 21 and 19. Shakespeare was one of the greatest playwrights and poets ever. He was a big part in literature. He invented a new genre and made many plays that everybody loves. He was a great man. On his grave it says: GOOD FRIEND FOR JESUS SAKE FOR BEAR TO DIG THE DUST ENCLOSED HEAR BLESSED BE YE MAN WHO SPARES THESE STONES AND CURSED BE HE WHO MOVES MY BONES

Quotes About the Importance of Words

Quotes About the Importance of Words Words can incite anger or invoke passion. They can bring people together or tear them apart. Words can uphold the truth or nurture a lie. We use words to encompass history, to describe the natural universe, and even to conjure realistic visions of things that exist only in fantasy. In fact, in some mythology, spoken words are thought to be so powerful that they can create worlds, creatures, and human beings. Here are some quotes about words from writers, poets, political figures, philosophers, and other notable minds. All our words are but crumbs that fall down from the feast of the mind.- Kahlil Gibran (from Sand and Foam) As we must account for every idle word, so must we account for every idle silence.- Benjamin Franklin Be careful of the words you say,Keep them short and sweet.You never know, from day to day,Which ones youll have to eat.- Anonymous A great many people think that polysyllables are a sign of intelligence.- Barbara Walters But words are things, and a small drop of ink,Falling like dew, upon a thought, producesThat which makes thousands, perhaps millions, think.- George Gordon, Lord Byron By words we learn thoughts, and by thoughts we learn life.- Jean Baptiste Girard Colors fade, temples crumble, empires fall, but wise words endure.- Edward Thorndike Duty is the sublimest word in our language. Do your duty in all things. You cannot do more. You should never wish to do less.- Robert E. Lee For me, words are a form of action, capable of influencing change. Their articulation represents a complete, lived experience.- Ingrid Bengis The good man brings good things out of the good stored up in his heart, and the evil man brings evil things out of the evil stored up in his heart. For out of the overflow of his heart his mouth speaks.- Luke 6:45 Good words are worth much, and cost little.- George Herbert However many holy words you read,However many you speak,What good will they do youIf you do not act on upon them?- Buddha I like good strong words that mean something.- Louisa May Alcott (from Little Women) If language is as inextricably tied up with consciousness as it seems to be, then the continuing diminishment of our inclination to use it to express in letters the times in which we live could mean that an element of human consciousness itself is on the verge of disappearing.- Anonymous If words are to enter mens minds and bear fruit, they must be the right words shaped cunningly to pass mens defenses and explode silently and effectually within their minds.- J. B. Phillips If you talk to a man in a language he understands, that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his language, that goes to his heart.- Nelson Mandela If you would be pungent, be brief; for it is with words as with sunbeams- the more they are condensed, the deeper they burn.- Robert Southey In a sense, words are encyclopedias of ignorance because they freeze perceptions at one moment in history and then insist we continue to use these frozen perceptions when we should be doing better.- Edward de Bono It has not been for nothing that the word has remained mans principal toy and tool: without the meanings and values it sustains, all mans other tools would be worthless.- Lewis Mumford It seems to me that those songs that have been any good, I have nothing much to do with the writing of them. The words have just crawled down my sleeve and come out on the page.- Joan Baez Its always a bit of a struggle to get the words right, whether were a Hemingway or a few fathoms below his level.- Rene J. Cappon Kind words are a creative force, a power that concurs in the building up of all that is good, and energy that showers blessings upon the world.- Lawrence G. Lovasik The most valuable of all talents is that of never using two words when one will do.- Thomas Jefferson My task which I am trying to achieve is by the power of the written word, to make you hear, to make you feel- it is, before all, to make you see. That- and no more, and it is everything.- Joseph Conrad Often when I write I am trying to make words do the work of line and color. I have the painters sensitivity to light. Much ... of my writing is verbal painting.- Elizabeth Bowen One of the hardest things in life is having words in your heart that you cant utter.- James Earl Jones Our words should be purrs instead of hisses.- Kathrine Palmer Peterson Poetry is a deal of joy and pain and wonder, with a dash of the dictionary.- Kahlil Gibran The real art of conversation is not only to say the right thing at the right place but to leave unsaid the wrong thing at the tempting moment.- Dorothy Nevill The six most important words: I admit I made a mistake.The five most important words: You did a good job.The four most important words: What is your opinion?The three most important words: If you please.The two most important words: Thank you.The one least important word: I.- Anonymous So difficult it is to show the various meanings and imperfections of words when we have nothing else but words to do it with.- John Locke The teachings of elegant sayings should be collected when one can. For the supreme gift of words of wisdom, any price will be paid.- Siddha Nagarjuna To me, the greatest pleasure of writing is not what its about, but the music the words make.- Truman Capote Words are the model, words are the tools, words are the boards, words are the nails.- Richard Rhodes Watch your thoughts, they become your wordsWatch your words, they become your actionsWatch your actions, they become your habitsWatch your habits, they become your characterWatch your character, it becomes your destiny.- Anonymous When I read great literature, great drama, speeches, or sermons, I feel that the human mind has not achieved anything greater than the ability to share feelings and thoughts through language.- James Earl Jones A word is deadWhen it is said,Some say.I say it justBegins to liveThat day.- Emily Dickinson (A Word is Dead) Words are chameleons, which reflect the color of their environment.- Learned Hand Words are not as satisfactory as we should like them to be, but, like our neighbors, we have got to live with them and must make the best and not the worst of them.- Samuel Butler Words are potent weapons for all causes, good or bad.- Manly Hall Words are the most powerful thing in the universe... Words are containers. They contain faith, or fear, and they produce after their kind.- Charles Capps Words do two major things: They provide food for the mind and create light for understanding and awareness.- Jim Rohn Words, like nature, half reveal and half conceal the soul within.- Alfred, Lord Tennyson Words may show a mans wit, but actions his meaning.- Benjamin Franklin Words- so innocent and powerless as they are, as standing in a dictionary, how potent for good and evil they become, in the hands of one who knows how to combine them!- Nathaniel Hawthorne A writer lives in awe of words for they can be cruel or kind, and they can change their meanings right in front of you. They pick up flavors and odors like butter in a refrigerator.- Anonymous You see these dictators on their pedestals, surrounded by the bayonets of their soldiers and the truncheons of their police. Yet in their hearts there is unspoken- unspeakable!- fear. They are afraid of words and thoughts! Words spoken abroad, thoughts stirring at home, all the more powerful because they are forbidden. These terrify them. A little mouse- a little tiny mouse!- of thought appears in the room, and even the mightiest potentates are thrown into panic.- Winston Churchill

American Illustrator Gil Elvgren Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American Illustrator Gil Elvgren - Coursework Example His career spanning four decades from the 1930s to the 1970s encompassed different types of art work including commercial advertisements for Coca Cola and other products, and creating illustrations for magazines like the Saturday Evening Post and Good Housekeeping. Elvgren as an artist continues to be remembered till today, mostly for his pin-up paintings for calendars commissioned and produced by the promotional firm Brown and Bigelow. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the work of American illustrator Gil Elvgren, particularly with reference to his pinup art. Gil Elvgren’s Distinctive Pinup Art Style â€Å"Although most of Gil Elvgren’s work was created for commercial use, it has been increasingly recognized as fine art by many private collectors, dealers, galleries and museums† (Meisel & Martignette:12). As the most important pinup and glamor artist of the twentieth century, Elvgren’s expertise in portraying the feminine form was extended beyond the calendar pinup industry. He was greatly influenced by the early â€Å"pretty girl† illustrators such as Charles Dana, Gibson, Andrew Loomis, and Howard Chandler Christy. The Brandywine School founded by Howard Pyle also influenced his work. Besides being a successful commercial artist in various fields, Gil Elvgren was also a professional photographer of repute. He had amazing energy and talent, and was considered as a respected and even revered teacher of students, some of whom went on to become famour artists in their own right. Elvgren’s personally rendered instruction and support was responsible to a great extent, for his students’ success (Meisel & Martignette: 13). Although Elvgren was best known for his pinups, his advertising work â€Å"depicted typical Americans, ordinary people doing everyday things† (ElvgrenPinup.com, 2010). Further, the women that the artist painted were not the femme fatale, the female adventuress, or somebody’s mistress. They reflect the girl next door whose feminine charms are innocently revealed in an unexpected instant, in what might be an embarassing situation. The artist’s supporters agree that Gil Elvgren portraying that fleeting moment when a girl is caught off guard is not only unusual, but has a sexy quality about it. Several of his paintings from the 1940s to the 1960s feature a woman doing an ordinary task such as barbecuing, watering the lawn, or shopping, when she is unprepared for a sudden gust of smoke (Fig.1), jet of water from a hose (Fig.2) or other effect which raises her skirt to reveal her stockings and garters. The woman’s expression is one of shock but never horror, with a hint of a smile â€Å"in the O of her perfectly painted lips† (Taormino: 125). Fig.1. Smoke Screen by Gil Elvgren, 1958 (The Pinup Files 1, 2011) Fig.2. A Near Miss by Gil Elvgren, 1960 (The Pinup Files 2, 2011) It is evident that the context for the scene is created by Elvgren as a pretense for the viewer to get a glimpse under the girl’s skirt. It is both voyeuristic and innocent, because it tells the viewer that he just saw something that he was not supposed to. Though occasionally, the artist has uncovered the upper part of the body, there is very little nudity in his paintings which portrayed an old fashioned naughtiness (Taormino: 125). The Contribution of PInups to World War II Wartime imagery was an anomaly, deviating from the usual norms, and more decorous due to military control over the images. Gil

Henry Ford the founder of the Ford Motor Company Essay

Henry Ford the founder of the Ford Motor Company - Essay Example In his youth, Henry knew how to help his parents with the farm chores. However, instead of establishing himself in the agriculture, Henry became more inclined into mechanics, machinery, understanding how things worked and what new possibilities lay in store. As a young boy, he took apart everything he got his hands on. He quickly became known around the neighborhood for fixing people's watches ("Henry Ford"). Although he was deprived of formal education, Henry knows a lot about machinery and he knows how to make small machineries work. At fifteen, he was able to build his own steam engine and at sixteen years old, young Henry left Dearborn and went to the town's nearby city. In Detroit, he worked as an apprentice machinist. For three years, he remained in the same company working as an apprentice although there are times when he goes back to his hometown and helps his parents with the farm. Being responsible both to his job as well as to his family, he makes time to go home and repairing and overhauling his father's farm equipments at the same time working in Detroit. When Henry became an engineer at Edison Illuminating Company in Detroit in 1891, he strongly dedicated himself to the industrial business and production. His pursuits were geared towards the further development of the industry that would benefit not only the rich but those who belonged to the middle class. His promotion to Chief Engineer in 1893 gave him enough time and money to devote attention to his personal experiments on internal combustion engines ("The Life"). He had several experiments involving combustion engines, yet it had concluded when he was able to make his own self-propelled vehicle in 1896 - the Quadricycle ("The Life"). It was the first "horseless carriage" that he actually built. It had four wire wheels that looked like heavy bicycle wheels, was steered with a tiller like a boat, and had only two forward speeds with no reverse. It may have been way too far from the vehicles that the modern society now has as well as from the cars that he himself had produced later, yet it was the most significant and the most meaningful accomplishment that Henry had had in the past. It was with this vehicle when the Ford business came to reality. It was only with the creation of the Quadricycle when Henry's experiments became real. With the Quadricycle, his theories no longer remained as is - like the gas engine he built on his kitchen table in the 1890's, which was just an engine with nothing to power. The Quadricycle showed enough popularity and potential that it launched the beginning of Ford's business ventures ("Henry Ford"). Although Ford was not the first to build a self-propelled vehicle with a gasoline engine, he was, however, one of several automotive pioneers who helped this country become a nation of motorists ("The Life"). In 1899 Ford left Edison to help run the Detroit Automobile Company. Cars were still built essentially one at a time. On the other hand, Henry hoped to incorporate the ideas from other industries in order to create a more efficient vehicle. He wanted to mix together the various characteristics from other industries such as the standardized parts as Eli Whitney had used with gun manufacturing or assembly line methods George Eastman tried in photo processing. Yet, instead of encouragement, Henry was left with many criticisms about how absurd and foolish his ideas may be. As such, he quit Detroit

Alternatives for the decision regarding the high lead found in the whistles Essay Example for Free

Alternatives for the decision regarding the high lead found in the whistles Essay The situation of determining how to handle the recently discovered high lead content in the large whistles order is a difficult one that will in some way affect the company. Three alternatives have been made to allow options for this decision. Alternative 1: Say nothing; allow the whistles shipment to go without notifying the customer. Alternative 2: Replace the customer’s order by providing whistles that meet the appropriate company standards. Alternative 3: Contact the customer and explain the situation, offer them a discount for on the whistles that are lower than the company standard. Decision Process The process for choosing the three alternatives began by identifying the decision to be made. The decision at hand is what to do with the information discovered about the order of whistles going to a school in South America. This is a big decision that will affect the company in each alternative. The next step of the process is listing options possible for the situation, and then studying those options by listing advantages and disadvantages of each. Then the decision was made by choosing the best overall solution for the decision. And lastly the decision was evaluated to determine if the results were what was expected. The three options for this decision are listed above; say nothing to the customer, replace the order, or try to make a deal for the customer. Each option is motivated by a result that will benefit the company financially, ethically, or a mixture of both. The idea behind the alternative 1 decision was to save money upfront and not bother with order changes and other inconveniences for the company. In studying this option the advantage of this would be to save money and time for the company. The disadvantage would be a possibly unhappy customer, an unethical move which could make employees see the company as being unfair; giving a poor product that could be hazardous to children. The legal ramifications of this alternative would be risky if the a child became ill from the use of the whistles and the company was blamed, sued, etc. The idea behind the alternative 2 decision was to replace the customers order with whistles that are not potentially hazardous and meets the company standards. The advantage of this option is not putting the company in an unethical situation of trying to pass products that are under par for high quality. This will help set a standard of ethics in the company that could motivate employees to do good work. The disadvantage of this option is that it will cost the company $100,000. The financial loss could take a long time to recover from, the positive influence on employees won’t immediately compensate for the loss. There would not be a legal issue with this option. The idea behind the alternative 3 decision was to try and contact the customer and explain the situation and let them decide if they would like the whistles replaced or to take the hazardous whistles at a discount. The advantage of this alternative is that the customer could decide to keep the original whistles which would still save the company a considerable amount of money cutting the losses to a much smaller amount. Also it would show that the company had the customer’s best interest in mind. The disadvantage of this option is that it could reflect negatively on the company still because we can’t really determine how the customer will feel about the whistles that are potentially hazardous. They customer might think that the company is trying to cut corners and save themselves money. This would be bad for future business. Legally the customer would probably not try and sue the company, but there is still the potential issue of the company being reported as manufactur ing products with too high of a lead content. This would kill the company’s reputation and the customer relationships of other clients. Recommendation Alternative 2 is the recommended decision; replacing the customer’s order by providing whistles that meet the appropriate company standards. This decision was made by both ethical and financial decisions. Ethically this alternative is the most appropriate. The customer contacted the company to provide a product to be used in the South American schools. It would be unethical to provide the customer with a product that is below the company and country standards even though they are not violating the South American standard. The customer chose this company over a foreign company to give a quality and safe product. This recommendation will positively affect the company because they will possibly become more favorable in the eyes of the customer, with the possibility of more business in the future from them and their business relations. This option was chosen not only for company recognition, but also to save children from a potentially hazardous experience. This option will be a great cost to the company, but the positive experience from both the customer and employees. By creating a culture of â€Å"wanting to do what is right† will help future sales and the company will gradually earn the loss in funds back over time. Customer relationships Considering the outcome on the customer relationship is an important part of the decision making process. We have to ask ourselves how will the customer feel about our decision, how will it influence them and how will it influence the company? By choosing alternative 2, to replace the whistles, the company will look favorably to the customer, being the school buying the whistles. Though the company will merely be providing the product that was originally agreed upon for the initial sale, the customer will realize that the company is sacrificing to replace the whistles and they will go away with a positive relationship with the company. This experience is sure to foster future business from the customer because of the positive experience they experienced. They will also be more likely to recommend the company to their peers and the company could gain substantial business from the experience. The children who would be ultimately affected by the quality of the whistles will feel good about receiving a quality, non-hazardous product, and the parents of the children will be grateful knowing that the company behaved ethically. This could also create future business for the company by providing the children and parents with a positive experience from the company. The company employees will see the standard of ethics portrayed by the company and it will reflect in their work. By giving an example of a high ethical standard it is likely that employees will take greater pride in their work which will affect the company in a positive way. The company’s decision will affect multiple stages of people, their feelings, thoughts, and behaviors will help the company in the long run to regain the loss taken from replacing the whistles. The financial gains will be gradual yet immeasurable in the long run of creating a company with a superior ethical standard. Social Responsibility In a corporation, social responsibility is behaving ethically as individual workers and together as a company to be sensitive toward social, cultural, economic and environmental issues. This means that the company doesn’t always do what’s best for its self but rather do what is best for their environment, customers, employees, culture, etc. Social responsibility is a big part of the decision making process because decisions made by the company not only affect the company alone, it affects employees, the economy, the customers, and the environment. These decisions and methods are important when considering long-term business operations. The decision making process for the situation had many factors involved. The most noticeable factor was the cost of replacing the lower quality whistles with a product that is up to the company’s standard and isn’t potentially hazardous. There was multiple ways of looking the problem; ignoring it, saving the company money and hoping there was not issues with the product, or there was the option to replace the product with something the company could be proud of, a product that had no hazards for use by children, and doing what was appropriate ethically for the situation. Social responsibility played a major part in the decision to use alternative 2 and replace the order with whistles that didn’t have high amounts of lead. The choice to do what is best for the customer, environment, and the kids of the schools outweighed the option to save the company time and money.

White-Collar Crime in South Africa Essay -- financial crimes, corruptio

It would be nearly impossible to find a South African who has not been affected by crime in one way or another. â€Å"White-collar crime,† a term first used by Edwin Sutherland in 1939, describes crime that is non-violent, but for the purpose of personal financial gain. This type of crime, including fraud and corruption, is becoming a greater problem in South Africa every year, and it is negatively affecting the country as a whole. Although they are not violent, fraud and corruption cause as much harm as any other types of crime, and a great effort must be made soon to stop them. All over the world, financial crimes are wreaking havoc. People have been scamming others, taking bribes, and doing other greedy things forever. It’s human nature, but in today’s society, it’s unacceptable. In just one fiscal year (2012/2013), the South African government’s Financial Intelligence Centre (FIC) recovered over 1.1 billion rand from the illicit economy. This money came from the proceeds of fraud, money laundering, tax evasion, corruption, and other financial crimes. One billion rand may seem like a lot, and its recovery is a great achievement, but that is only a fraction of what was lost. No one knows how much wasn’t recovered, but it’s safe to guess that it’s in the billions It is not easy to detect fraud, and criminals have been getting away with it for decades. With the birth of the internet, it has become even easier to scam people, communicate with other criminals all over the world, and hide your profits. It wasn’t until 2008 that South Africa created their Financial Intelligence Centre to help combat white-collar crimes. Most financial crime in South Africa is international, so the FIC collaborates with global organizations like the Fin... ...rime. â€Å"Corruption Watch. Defining the real meaning of corruption.† Sunday Times, The (Johannesburg, South Africa), February 3, 2013. Accessed March 2, 2014. http://infoweb.newsbank.com.libdb.belmont-hill.org:2048/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_product=AWNB&p_theme=aggregated5&p_action=doc&p_docid=14440CF59A86A640&p_docnum=1&p_queryname=6. â€Å"Countries.† Financial Action Task Force. Accessed February 27, 2014. http://www.fatf-gafi.org/countries/. â€Å"Jordan, South Africa and Tunisia join the movement.† Transparency International. Last modified December 18, 2013. Accessed March 1, 2014. http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/jordan_south_africa_and_tunisia_join_the_movement. â€Å"South Africa Country Profile.† Business Anti-Corruption Portal. Accessed March 1, 2014. http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/south-africa/general-information.aspx.

Practical critical essay on ‘Jude’ Part 6 Ch.2. Essay

Little Father Time has just hanged himself and the other two children. Jude and Sue have just come across this scene of horror. Hardy cuts â€Å"upon the floor, on which was written, in the boy’s hand, with the bit†¦ † into short segments with commas giving the narration a breathless effect. It demonstrates Jude and Sue’s feelings towards the scene they have just witnessed. These commas also fashion the sentence as if it were being spoken by a child. There is no complex diction in this passage so it reflects the innocence of the children involved, which is quite a contrast from the adult and gothic language such as â€Å"half paralyzed† and â€Å"grotesque and hideous horror† used in the last paragraph. There is a pattern that emerges so whenever the narrator describes the scene (usually the most horrific parts), he uses simple, unadorned, monosyllabic words, i. e. â€Å"the little bed†, and – placing the negative first – â€Å"no children were there†. However, when describing the parents’ reaction, he uses more complicated and descriptive lexis. This gives rise to an unnerving, disturbing feeling for the reader. The note written to Jude and Sue by Little Father Time, â€Å"Done because we are too menny† explains clearly, why he had performed this task. This is a succinct, poignant note written with what is either no feeling whatsoever or overwhelming but repressed emotion. However, â€Å"menny† indicates the pure innocence and child-like quality of Little Father Time and it shows us the level of his education. ‘Menny’ incorporates the word ‘men’ and his ignorance of spelling may signify his ignorance of the ways of man. Perhaps in the word ‘Done’ there is a resonance of Macbeth’s â€Å"If it were done when ’tis done† (Act I scene VII) emphasizing the horrific finality and decisiveness to Little Father Time’s actions. Sue provoked Little Father Time into reflecting along these lines of their being too many of them due to her conversation with him in the last few pages. He asks, â€Å"It would almost be better to be out o’ the world than in it, wouldn’t it?†, and she off-handedly replies, â€Å"It would almost, dear. † This careless reply and its tragic ramification is a result of Sue’s narcissism and the solipsistic nature of both the parents towards Little Father Time. The language now becomes more elaborate and graphic as the children are no longer mentioned and the following paragraphs concern merely Jude and Sue. Sue realizes her careless words were responsible for Little Father Time’s actions. Her ‘convulsive agony’ that â€Å"knew no abatement† is powerfully personified, and implies that she is in the grip of someone who refuses to let go. The syntax, ending in the stark phrase â€Å"no abatement† makes Sue’s feeling even more infinite and absolute. She is so distraught that the woman of the house is â€Å"vainly trying to soothe her†, with her â€Å"eyes staring at the ceiling†. She seems to be undergoing an out-of-body experience. She is not to go upstairs because â€Å"her presence might do harm†; the intensive shock may also lead to endangering â€Å"a coming life†, her unborn baby would be the only child left in her life. Sue confesses she believes herself responsible for this and Jude replies â€Å"It was in his nature to do it†¦unknown in the last generation†: This is an allusion to a number of views and theories. Thomas Malthus published â€Å"An essay on the principle of population† in 1798. In it he argued against population growth. He believed that if one cannot afford to raise children, one should not bring them into the world. Jude quotes the doctor who says that such boys were not heard of in the last generation. Here, Darwin’s ‘The Origin of Species’ (1859) is being alluded to. Darwin proved humans are not special creatures chosen by God, but instead, simply animals that are highly evolved and well adapted to their surroundings. Hardy stresses the way that Little Father Time had struck at the conventional views of Victorian family life and instead of having the typical morals of a little boy, believed that survival was more important than family values. I believe that Little Father Time is in a sense more ‘highly evolved’ than Jude – Jude attempted to commit suicide and failed. Little Father Time however, did so – he is a child brought up without love. The use of the words â€Å"springing up† make this new type of child seem linked to regeneration, growth, felicity and seasonality, but in fact they bring death and are the product of â€Å"new views of life†. Of course Sue herself is a product of such views which perhaps have affected Little Father Time subconsciously. He never shows any signs of hope, happiness, excitement and general strong emotions until his last conversation with Sue, and even then he gives us no impression that he is going to murder his brother and sister and commit suicide. The child is an example of â€Å"the coming universal wish not to live† Jude states bleakly. This phrase demonstrate the thematic pessimism in the narrative, the apocalyptical nature of Little Father Time, and the fast approaching, universal nihilistic views of the end of the century. At the end of Jude’s version of the doctor’s analysis of Little Father Time, the text ends with an aposiopesis: â€Å"consolations to -â€Å". Jude’s composure cracks. Ironically, Jude stops short just as he mentions, â€Å"(the doctor) can give no consolation†, the phrase ‘no consolation’ extends Hardy’s apocalyptic theme of lack of hope. We find out Jude has composed himself for Sue, but could do so no longer, and in her efforts to comfort him, â€Å"distracted her from her poignant self-reproach†. Hardy describes what Sue sees when she is allowed to finally see the children. Little Father Time’s face â€Å"expressed the whole tale of their situation† which is clearly, death, despair, struggle, lack of love, and lack of hope. Linking the boy’s face to their situation describes them both perfectly well without describing either. The use of simple, unadorned language describing the boy as a ‘little shape’ shows us that the small boy is not yet defined, he is not yet delineated; he dies young and unformed. Hardy writes that in Little Father Time he â€Å"had converged all the inauspiciousness of Jude†. The child’s corpse conveyed the suggestion of the tragedy, despair and death that was looming in his relationship with Arabella, as well â€Å"all the accidents†¦ errors of the last†; the potent and tragic element of fate is stressed. Little Jude’s description as his parent’s ‘nodal point’ demonstrates that he is an entanglement where ‘inauspiciousness’ and the lack of love have become enmeshed. The paragraph concludes with a tricolon, â€Å"For the rashness of those parents he had groaned, for their ill-assortment he has quaked, and for the misfortunes of these he had died†. This relates to Jude’s relationships with Arabella and Sue, and Little Father Time’s short life; it is a conclusive and tragic summation of Little Father Time’s short life and tragic end. This scene hints at Hardy’s disaffection with God, and when Jude and Sue overhear the psalm â€Å"Truly God is loving unto Israel† we realize this disaffection is very tangible.

“Having a Mind to Change the World” By Howard Nemerov Essay

The poem is about daylight saving time. Daylight Saving Time (DST) is an age-old practice where people would advance time by one hour to extend daylight time into the night. In effect, they would sacrifice sunrise time, also by one hour. People in the regions affected would adjust their clocks around the start of spring. They would change them back to normal time when summer ends. This practice has its root in early societies before the invention of the modern clock. Because most societies were agrarian at the time, and farm work was majorly dependent on daylight, people would plan their day and adjust their time according the length of daylight. Where daylight extended into the night, people would adjust their clocks to accommodate the new timeline, which, in this case, will also continue well into the night. The poem focused on the controversy surrounding daylight saving. Winston Churchill sparked the debate on daylight saving time by sensationally claiming that daylight saving time gave the American people more opportunities to pursue happiness and good health. Most farmers and entertainment spot owners opposed DST vehemently and called for its immediate abolition. After 1919, most cities in the United States rejected the DST. New York was among the few cities that continued using DST. The poem â€Å"having a mind to save the world† explores the â€Å"impossibility† that was saving a few more hours from the regular day hours but which the world achieved by introducing the Daylight Saving Time. The poem states that it is only in Indianapolis that the people refused to agree to the use of Daylight Saving Time. The city was dependent on agriculture and DST would discourage normal working hours in the farms affecting productivity. In the poem, Howard likens the phenomenon to the biblical story of Joshua. Joshua asked God to extend daylight so that he could subdue the enemy. God responded to  this request by causing the sun to stand still for a few more hours until the war was over, and Israelites emerged victorious. The poem heaps praises on the ingenuity of Daylight Saving Time, saying that nothing like it existed since it is God who extended daylight during the time of Joshua. The speaker in the poem is an omniscient narrator who experiences the events captured in the poem. We see him associate himself directly with the events in the poem by referring to himself as â€Å"we† when he says â€Å"we the Indian-givers.† From the story, we deduce that the speaker associate himself with a particular period in history. He says, â€Å"The Republic finds itself unanimously Agreed except for Indianapolis†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The events the narrator is talking about occurred at a time in history when most states needed to adopt the Daylight Saving Time†. This period was probably when the agrarian revolution was at its peak in America. It is also a time when the southern states such as Indiana fiercely opposed the daylight saving time phenomenon. They thought it undermined agriculture and labor in general. With a grasp of the historical context of the poem, one can share the speaker’s point of view. The speaker appears excited that daylight saving time is gaining popularity but is at the same time sad that Indianapolis, his home city, has refused to join the other states in embracing it. He adopts an indifferent tone at the beginning of the poem, an indication that he cannot do much to change the situation as it is. The poet develops an internal conflict in the poem through the words of the speaker. The poet says, â€Å"Taking Daylight hour from dawn, and giving it to evening, even if we Indian-givers later take it back.† This statement shows clearly that the poet feels there is a conflict between the rest of the republic and the inhabitants of Indianapolis. The poem revolves around many political issues associated with the use of DST in the United States in the early nineteenth century. During this period, a proposal by Willet to have the DST retained in the US system suffered a narrow defeat in parliament. Similar bills that Willet’s supporters and opponents later introduced in parliament also failed. This poem has a unique form that departs from the conventional poetry styles common in literature. First the whole poem comprises only one stanza. The verse consists of 15 lines each of which is of different lengths. The poem also does not flow in a particular rhyme scheme since the poet does not use any rhyming words and phrases. In the poem, the poet makes careful syntactical  choices that suit the message of the poem. He breaks his words before their logical conclusion. The speaker uses present tense, and sometimes present participle. The lack of clear pattern in the poem creates a mood of excitement that the poet intends.

Huntsville Plant Project Charter Essays

Huntsville Plant Project Charter Essays Huntsville Plant Project Charter Essay Huntsville Plant Project Charter Essay Project Name| Huntsville Plant Project| Project Number| 005| Project Manager| David Myers| Prioritization| High| Owner(s)| Walter Seitz| Start Date:| April 17, 2011| Scheduled Completion Date:| June 30, 2012| Mission| The construction of a new Seitz plant in Huntsville, AL that will be operational by June 30, 2012. | | Scope| 1) Select resources such as architect, real estate consultant and general contractor. ) Recruit and train managers for the new plant 3) Create pre-production and production plans 4) Create building concept and design 5) Procure building site, all required permits and approvals 6) Construct building 7) Landscaping of site 8) Operations personnel recruitment 9) Equipment , materials and fleet purchases 10) Equipment installation 11) Create product distribution and pre-production plans 12) Begin production and distribution| | Objectives| 1) To construct a new plant in Huntsville, Alabama that will be fully operational by June 30, 2012. ) To hire and train qualified management and operations personnel. 3) To procure all new equipment for production. 4) To procure a full fleet of trucks for distribution. | | Assumptions| 1. The labor market in Huntsville, AL is sufficient to meet the requirements of the new plant 2. Acquiring suitable land and obtaining permits will not face any unusual legal requirements. | | Constraints| Construction, staffing, equipment and materials will all be funded from the $2,750,000 allocated for the project. | | Time/Decision Points| 1) Start Date: April 17, 2011 2) Architectural Drawings Complete: May 15, 2011 3) Land purchased and permits obtained: June 01, 2011 4) Construction begins: July 01, 2011 5) Building construction complete: January 15, 2012 6) Equipment purchase and installation complete: February 15, 2012 7) Personnel hiring and training complete: March 31, 2012 8) Equipment tests complete: April 15, 2012 9) Facility begins operation May 15, 2012| | Cost/Financial Assumptions| 1) We assume the total cost of construction and beginning operation to be no more than $2,750,000| | User Acceptance Criteria/Quality| 1) All products will meet quality standards of the Seitz coporation| | Major Risks| 1) Financial risk due to possibility of construction and staffing cost over runs. | | KEY STAKEHOLDERS| | Name| Project Core Team:| Steve PokorskiJoe DownsRhonda SmithMary Doonan | Subject Matter Experts (SME) (Include company channel designations if applicable)| | APPROVALS| Type Name| Signature| Date| Project Manager Approval:| David Myers| February 1, 2010| Owner/Sponsor Approval:| Walter Seitz| February 1, 2010|

Just Uses for English Speakers

Just Uses for English Speakers The word just is an important word in English used in many different ways. Just can be used as a time expression, to say that something is important, to emphasize words, as a synonym for only, and in a number of fixed expressions. Use this guide to just to help you use this keyword in English correctly. Just - As a Time Expression Just = Recently Just is most often used to express that something has recently happened. Use just with the present perfect tense to indicate that an action has recently occurred and influences the present moment of speaking. Ive just been to the bank.Toms just arrived. You can speak to him now.Marys just finished the report. Exception: American English vs. British English In everyday conversation American English uses just with the past simple, as well as the present perfect, to express that something recently happened. In British English, the present perfect is used. American English He just finished lunch.ORHes just finished lunch. British English Janes just been to the bank.NOTJane just went to the bank. Just = Immediately Just can also be used as a time expression to mean that something important will happen immediately. In this case, use the present continuous tense or going to to express that something is about to happen. Hes just getting ready to go now.Im just going to finish this and then we can go. Just = Close to the Time Just is also used to express that something happened at approximately to the time mentioned in phrases such as: just after, just before, just when, just as. I saw Tom just as he was leaving yesterday.Jennifer finished the report just as the boss asked her for it.Just when you think youve seen everything, something like this happens! Just - as an Adverb Meaning Only Just is also used as an adverb meaning only, merely, simply, and so on. Dont worry about that cup, its just an old thing.She said she just needed some vacation time to relax.Richard is just the spokesman. Just - as an Adverb Meaning Exactly Just can also be used as an adverb meaning exactly or precisely. Thats just the information I need to understand the situation.Alexander is just the person for the job. Just - as an Adjective Meaning Honest Just is also used as an adjective to mean that someone is honest, or fair in his judgement. Hes a just man so you can expect to be treated well.You need to be just with all your students, not just the ones you like. Fixed Expressions With Just Just is also used in a number of idiomatic and fixed expressions. Here are some of the most common: Just in Time = Ready at the Exact Moment Necessary In the business world many products are made just in time. In other words, they are ready when a customer needs them and not before. Our supplier uses just in time manufacturing to fill our orders.Using a just in time approach reduces our warehousing costs by 60%. Just off the Boat = Naive, Not Experienced Someone who is just off the boat is new to a situation and doesnt understand certain unwritten rules, or ways of behavior. Give him some time to adjust to the new position. Remember hes just off the boat and will need some time to get up to speed.They seemed as if they were just off the boat because they couldnt understand what was being asked of them. Just the Ticket = Exactly What Is Needed Just is used like exactly when expressing something that is precisely what is needed in a situation. The two weeks off work was just the ticket. I feel like a new man.I think your ideas are just the ticket for our marketing campaign. Just What the Doctor Ordered = Exactly What Is Needed Just what the doctor ordered is another idiomatic expression that expresses the idea that something precisely what is needed in a situation. I think his solution was just what the doctor ordered.The grammar review was just what the doctor ordered for getting students ready.

Self-Assessment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Self-Assessment - Assignment Example I love giving back to the society, especially children, so whenever I get a chance to touch a child’s heart, I do not hesitate, I dedicate one day each month to visit a children’s home close to where I live. Before I visit, I collect clothes, food stuffs, shoes and toys from those who are willing to give and give to the children on my visit. Another hobby that I have is cooking, over the years I have collected hundreds of recipes that I enjoy trying out at home, it always gives me great pleasure to see my family and friends enjoy the food that I have prepared. I have even come up with my own recipes that I submit to food websites. I am motivated, I take my work seriously and every opportunity that I get to improve on the business I take advantage of it. I have a routine that involves me getting up early in the morning so that I can have time for exercise and to read my emails and also study. I keep myself updated on the trends of the food industry as that is the line of business that we are involved in, I borrow a leaf from other companies that are in the same line of work and try to implement what I find useful and sustainable. So far, the business’ earnings have improved remarkably and we are looking to open another outlet once we get the right location. I am a leader, this is the most important aspect of the work that I am doing and the course that I am taking, to be a good manager, I need to be a great leader. In our line of business, it is important for me to ensure that we are running efficiently and effectively, by keeping our expenses low, our returns high and our customers and employees happy. Being the manager, I have a team that I work with to ensure all these happen and I empower them by asking for their opinions and how they think we should implement some strategies. I then delegate work to them so that they can be responsible for their own actions and also feel that their input in the business is valued. When a job has

Private and Public Schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Private and Public Schools - Essay Example Private and Public Schools: The differences and Ultimate Goal According to general definition, a public school is funded, maintained, and conducted by a private group other than government while public schools are maintained at public expenses or in other word from the tax money. The opponents vow that private schools detract students from their main objectives - education, and create social segregation for the future society. The proponents of private schools also refer to various benefits: (1) students build strong, personal relationship with their lecturers and instructors, as there is a special program planned to increase interaction and dialogue between the two, (2) both private high schools and private colleges have small class sizes, (3) private colleges have a significant amount of extra-curricular programs and activities that develop a strong sense about the community. The proponent of public schools explains that there are more competitions in public schools, and these schools are more innovative. The children of these schools know th at they will have to face competitions in lives; family background will not help in achieving success in their future lives. The proponents also point to the following benefits: (1) Students have more variety in selecting geographical areas of the nation, (2) Fees are cheaper than that of private schools, (3) Public colleges are much bigger and more equipped than the average private university, and students will be more comfortable with high student population.

Describe the importance of voting in the American system Essay

Describe the importance of voting in the American system - Essay Example The first reason why voting is important related to ethics. Many people have put their lives on the line, and have been maimed and killed in order to preserve the basic fundamental liberties we enjoy today. These sacrifices of precious lives have been made in several wars in which America has fought, as well as various social movements such as women's suffrage and the civil rights movement. Among the most important of the liberties that were preserved by these sacrifices is the right to have a voice in one's own government. Whether we like it or not, those sacrifices obligate us on an ethical and moral level to make sure they were not made in vain. The right to vote is a gift from them; and it would be in very bad form to throw that gift away considering its cost. The second reason why voting is important is because it is a prerequisite to legitimate expression of discontent with the performance and direction of the government. A person who was able to vote but did not loses any credible force of opinion when things are going badly. This is because they chose to abdicate their ultimate opportunity to exercise their voice in government. It becomes a credibility issue. For example, a person who failed to vote one way or the other in the 2004 Presidential Election should not complain about the current state of the economy or the loss of lives in Iraq. Even those who voted for Bush have the right to complain about the way things are going because they utilized their opportunity to express their voice in the government. Any easy way to redeem that right to complain would simply be to vote in the next election. Finally, the American system of government depends upon the peoples' involvement in the political process through voting. If there were a mass failure to vote, it would threaten the very nature of republican democracy that is the essence of American government. Thus, Americans have a responsibility to their country and their way of life to make sure they vote. 20% voter turnout is dangerous, because it enables a small fraction of the people to determine the composition and direction of the government. At some point, there may be a very real concern about the democratic legitimacy of the government. The obligation of every American is to vote to ensure that such legitimacy comes through loud and clear. Voting is perhaps the most important civic duty in America. It is both a right and a privilege that was purchased with the blood of countless Americans. Thus, the responsibility to vote is as much a moral obligation as it is a civic responsibility. Those who fail to exercise their vote relinquish the right to credibly express discontent regarding state of public affairs. Furthermore, because voting is the very foundation of American government, American citizens have a responsibility to ensure government legitimacy by turning out to vote in strong numbers. The public apathy that has resulted in poor voter turnout in several election is a dangerous development for America. People must be educated about the importance of enfranchisement in their every day lives as Americans so they do not take for granted that which indifference could easily take

The development of mughlai cuisine of North India

The development of mughlai cuisine of North India 2.1. Introduction To study the impact of events on the development of Mughlai cuisine of North India and the further scopes to promote food tourism destination. The aim of this chapter is to provide its readers with an overview into the topic of the research. The first section of this chapter would deal with the introduction to the Mughal History, Imperial cuisine and Sultans etiquette . The second section would deal with Tourism and its social and cultural impact on a society. The final section would deal with the relation between Food Tourism , culture and foodways. 2.1.1 Mughal Empire Arab raiders had established their hegemony in Sindh in western India by about AD713 , but the Muslim presence only made itself felt with the raid s of Mohammed of Ghazni from about AD 1000.About AD 1206 the first sultans , those of the slave dynasty , set up rule in Delhi. Eleven of them in successions gave place to two from the house of Balban, six Khaljis, three Tughlaks (including Muhammad bin Tughlak from AD 1324-51), four Saiyyids and three Lodis, stretching in all for slightly more than three hundred years (Life and condition of people in Hindustan ,1935) .In 1526 the ruler Babar established the Mughal dynasty in India. He followed by Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jhan and Aurangzeb. The Mughal period was remarkably well documented. Both the emperors Babar and Jahangir were superb diarists and Akbars affair were minutely chronicled in the Ain-i-Akbari[1] and Akbar-Name by his court historian Abu Fazal. From the time of Jahangir and thereafter, a series of travelers from Europe left vivid impressionistic accounts of the rulers and the people of India. To the somewhat ascetic Hindu dining ambience the Muslims brought refined and courtly etiquette of both group of both group and individual dining, and of sharing food in fellowship. Food items native to India were enriched with nuts, raisins, spices and ghee. These included meat and rice dishes (Palao[2]) , dressed meat (Kabab[3]) , stuffed items (Samosas[4]) , desserts (Halva[5], stewed fruit) and sweetened drinks (Falooda[6], Sherbet[7]). New dishes enriched the cuisine of the wheat finely grounded meat (Halim[8], Harisa[9]), or the frozen Kulfi[10], a rich ice cream of Khoa[11], or Jalebi[12]. Muslims influenced both the style and substance of Indian food. 2.1.2 The Sultans etiquette Mubarak Ali in his thesis ‘The Court of the Great Mughals (1976) has written a great deal to about the dining customs of the Delhi Sultans, which were perhaps unique to Muslims royalty in India. A certain ritual of formality was observed: Before the dinners begins, the Chamberlain[13] stands at the head of the dinners carpet (Simat[14]) and performs the bow (Khidmat[15]) in the direction of sultan; and all present do the same. The khidmat in India consists of bowing down to the knee as in prayers. After this the people would sit down to eat, and then they are bought gold, silver and glass cups filled with fine sugar water perfumed with rose-water which they call sherbet. After they have taken the sherbet, the chamberlain calls out Bismillah[16]. Then all begin to eat. At the end of the dinner, jugs of barley-drink (Fuqqa[17]) are brought; and when these have been consumed, betel leaves and nuts are served. After the people have taken the betel and nuts, the chamberlain calls out Bismillah, whereupon all stand up and bow in the same way as before. Then they retire. Two types of dinners were held in the royal palace, A private dinners is the one that sultan attends. It is his way to eat along with those who are present and those whom he calls for the purpose , such as the special amirs[18]- the head chamberlain (amirhajib) , the sultans paternal cousins , Imad-ul-mulk Sartez and master of ceremonies (amir-i-majlis)- and those out of the aizza (‘The Honourables) and great amirs whom he wants to honour and revere. Occasionally, when he is declined to honour any one from among present, he takes a plate, puts bread on it and gives it to him. The latter receives it: and placing the plate on his left hand, he bows with his right hand touching the ground. Sometimes the Sultan sends something from that meal to one absent from it, and the latter too bows like the one present and sits down to eat it along with those that be in his company. The number nobles attending these private dinners never exceeded twenty. It has been remarked that such long convivialities in the company of nobles served to throw them into Sultans Company, and thus keep them out of trouble. The public dinners are brought from the kitchen led by the palace officers, who call out Bismillah; and they are headed by the chief palace officer. He holds in his hand a gold mace and is accompanied by his deputy who carries a silver mace. As soon as they enter the fourth gate and those in the council-hall hear the call, all stand up and none remain seated, the sultan alone is excepted. When the dishes are served on the floor, the palace of officers stand up in rows, their chiefs standing in front. He makes a discourse in which he praises the sultan and eulogizes him; then he bows to him and in the same manner bow all those present in the council-hall whether big or small. Their custom is that anyone who hears the call of chief palace officer (naqib-un-nuquba[19]) stops instantly, if walking and remains in his place if he happens to be standing and none can move until the discourse is over. Then his deputy too makes a similar discourse and bows; and so do the palace officers and all the people in the second time. Then all the people take their seats; and the gate secretaries draft a report informing the Sultan that the food has been brought, even though he is aware of that. The report is handed over to a boy from one of the maliks son appointed for this purpose and he takes the message to the Sultan who, on reading it, appoints whosoever he likes from among the great amirs to supervise the seating and feeding of the people. Mubarak Ali in his book ‘Mughal Darbar† (1993) has stated something about the seating also: The custom at that point of time was that the judges (Qazis[20]) , orators (Khatibs[21]) and jurists (Shorfa[22]) sit on a carpet (simat) : and then come the sultan relatives , the great amirs and the rest of the people. But none sits expect at his appointed place; and thus there is absolutely no confusion amongst them. All having then their representative seats, the cup bearer (Shurbdariya[23]) who give the holding in their hands gold , silver, copper and glass vessels filled with refined sugar dissolved in water, which they drink at dinner. Everyone had before him, a set of all the various dishes comprising the dinner, which he eats exclusively; and no one shares his plate with another. When they finish eating, the drink (Fuqqa) is served in pewter tankards; and as soon as the people take it the chamberlains call out Bismillah. At that time the while gathering stands up, and the amirs supervising the feast bows, and they bow too; then they retire .The dinners were held twice a day one in the forenoon and the other in the afternoon. 2.1.3 Kings drink ‘Any Muslim who drinks (wine) is punished with 80 stripes, and is shut up in a matamore (cell) for 3 months, which is opened only at the time of meal. So says the Quran (Chapter 6). However there is no doubt that drinking was very common among the sultans and the nobility. For the Mughals wine had a strong attraction. Babar had periodic fits of abstinence, when he would break up his flagons and goblets of gold and silver and give away the pieces, only to resume drinking and the use of bhang, after telling himself (P.N. Chopra ,1963, Society and Culture in Mughal India. ). Akbar, according to the Jesuit Father Monserate, rarely drank wine, proffering bhang. He enforced prohibition in his court , but relaxed rules for European travelers because ‘they are born in the element of wine , as fresh fish are produced in water †¦and to prohibit them the use of it is to deprive them of their life ( J.S.Hoyland and, and S.banerjee 1922, The Cemetery of Father Monserrate). Of his sons, Daniyal and Murad both died young due to excessive drinking. His other son Jahangir was much addicted, but did not drink on Thursdays and Fridays (Nicclao Manucci, Storio de Mogor 1653-1708, trans William Irvine) . However at end of his regime Jahangir would imbibe 20 cups of double distilled liquor daily, 14 during the day and the rest at night (P.N. Chopra ,1963, Society and Culture in Mughal India. ). Shah Jahan drank but never beyond the limits of decency. The next emperor Aurangzeb was of course strict teetotaler who in 1668 issued severe prohibition order to all his subjects, Hindus and Muslim alike. To make this liquor, arrack or rice sprit was put into empty barrel that had contained wine from Europe. The dregs of other barrels were also added, together with water and sweet sugar. After eight mounts, the clear liquid tasting something like white wine. Another wine was made by steeping resins in rice sprit for 3 to 4 days, straining and then holding the liquid in an empty barrel for 6 to 8 months; an extract of dates was sometimes added for sweetness and flavour (William Foster, Early Travels in India 1583-1619). 2.1.4 The Imperial cuisine Babar is said to have lived in India for only 4  ½ years after conquering. He lamented fact that this country had ‘no grapes , musk melons or first rate fruits, no ice cold water, no bread or cooked food in bazaars (A.S.Beveridge, trans. Babur-nama, 1922) . He commented most judiciously on the flora and fauna that he first encountered in this new country. He commented that chironji[24] is â€Å"a thing between the almond and the walnut, and not so bad† .He also described the fish from Hindustan as very savoury and that they had no odour or tiresomeness (meaning probably lack of bones). But heart Babar remained an alien to Indian food. His son Humayun however was much more â€Å"Indianized†. Humayun even gave up animal flesh for some months when he started his campaign to recover the throne, and deciding after some reflection , that beef was not a food for devout (J.S.Hoyland and, and S.banerjee , The Cemetery of Father Monserrate,, 1922). Akbar did not like meat and took it only seasonally ‘to conform to the sprit of the age'(P.N. Chopra, Society and Culture in Mughal India,1963). He abstained from meat at first of all Fridays, subsequently on Sundays also, then on first day of every solar month, then during the whole month of Fawardin[25] (March), and finally during his berth month of Aban[26] (November). He started his meal with curds and rice, and preferred simple food. One of travelers Father Monserate documented that Akbars table was very sumptuous, consisting of more than 40 courses served in great dishes served in great dishes. These dishes were brought into the royal dining hall covered and wrapped in linen cloths, which are tied and sealed, for the fear of poison (J.S.Hoyland and, and S.banerjee ,The Cemetery of Father Monserrate ,1922). The Ain-i-Akbari describes three classes cooked dishes. In the first, called safiyana, consumed by Akbars day of abstinence, no meat was used . The dishes were made of rice (zard-birinj[27], khushka[28], khichri[29] and sheer-birinj[30]), wheat (chikhi[31], essentially the starch of the rice isolated by washing and then seasoned), dhals[32], palak sag[33], halwa, sherbet etc. The second class comprised those in which both meat and rice were employed (like Palao, Biryani[34], Shulla[35] and Shurba[36]), or meat and wheat (Harisa, Halim and Kashk[37] ) .The third class was that in which meat was cooked in ghee, spices, curd, eggs etc. These dishes in due course of time came to be known as Yakhni[38], Kabab, Do-Pyazza[39], Musallam[40], Dampukth[41], Qaliya[42] and Malghuba[43]. Bread in this time was either thick, made from wheat flour and baked in an oven; or thin, and bake on iron plates using dough of either wheat or khushka. Raw material came from various places; rice from Bharaijj , Gwalior , Rajori and Nimlah, ghee[44] from Hissar , ducks, waterfowls and certain vegetables from Kashmir ,and fruits from across the north western borders as well as from all over the country. Though Jahangir, unlike his father, enjoyed eating meat, and especially the animals of the chase, he kept his father schedule of abstinence, adding Thursday to them, that being the day of birth of his son Akbar. He banned the slaughter of animals on Thursday and Sundays. He seemed to have left fish altogether and preferred a khichri called lazizan, made of rice cooked with pulses, ghee, spices and nuts on the days of abstinence from flesh . Another of his favorites was Falooda, jelly made from the straining of boiled wheat, mixed with fruit juices and cream (P.N. Chopra, Society and Culture in Mughal India, 1963). Aurangzeb son of Jahangir on the other hand was a Spartan. Tavernier says that no animal passed his lips: he become ‘thin and lean to which the great fasts that he kept have contributed †¦he only drank a little water ,and ate little quantity of millet bread .Besides that he slept on the ground with only a tigers skin over him (P.N. Chopra, Society and Culture in Mughal India, 1963). 2.2.Tourism Tourism today is one the fastest growing sectors in the global economy. It is also one ofthe largest sectors in the world economy making ever increasing contributions to global output and employment.In 2008, international tourist arrivals grew by 2% to 924 million, up 16 million over 2007. Analysts further predict that the tourist arrivals will touch 1.6 billion by the year 2020. Tourism is one of the largest income generators for an economy and is growing at a very rapid pace. Growth in tourism also translates into indirect growth and impact on miscellaneous other sectors of the economy (Farooquee, N.A. et al (2008) ‘ Environmental and Socio-Cultural Impacts of River Rafting and Camping on Ganga in Uttarakhand Himalaya). 2.2.1 INTRODUCTION Service industry has gained extreme potential in the past two decades and is now one of the main industries for social and economic growth of any region. This growth has bought along with itself an increase in the global output and various employment opportunities. One of the important components of the service sector is tourism sector. The World Tourism Organization defines tourism as â€Å"The activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purpose† (Commission of the European Communities et al., 2001). Tourism incorporates both tangible and intangible elements of service sector. Tourism has evolved over time (six decades approximately) and has been continuing growing and diversifying in order to become the fastest and the largest growing economic sectors in the world. Tourism has been flourishing at an exponential rate thereby promoting and exploring new destinations and in some cases becoming the main driver of the economy. In some the developing countries it is one of the main income generating sector and also the number one in export category there by generating employment on a larger scale. The travel and tourism industry is undergoing a transformation as the significance of this industry is unveiled by most countries. 2.2.2 HISTORY OF VOYAGES AND TRAVELLERS: Tourism has been evident throughout the ages. It has only taken a major jump in the past few decades and has become a major part of the economy. Ancient age travel was mostly an unconscious affair. Travel was mainly an outcome of trade and other commerce activities. In other words, earlier traveler can be regarded as a merchant looking for goods and products and engaging in trade and commerce. Countries like India and China have attracted travelers from all over the ancient world. This trend continued resulting in exploration of different destinations by the Europeans especially heading towards Indian shores for the sole purpose of trade and commerce. The urge to explore new lands and to seek new knowledge in ancient and distant lands was yet another motive of travellers in subsequent periods. Travelling that took place during the Middle Ages was mostly for religious purposes. The practice for travelling for religious purposes became a well established custom in many parts of the wor ld. Romans were known for travelling during this era and wherever they went, there existed a fine network of roads. Tourism gained momentum as soon as changes like the mental attitudes towards pleasure, education based travel; increase in disposal income, need for a break from the monotonous work schedule etc took place. For nearly the first quarter of the 20th century pleasure travel was only for the privileged ones of the society having free time in hand as well as substantial purchasing power. Numerous travel associations were formed during this time of the century who organized trips and vacations for middle class and their families. However, it was the 20th century where a change was witnessed in the whole tourism scenario especially from an international perspective for different purposes like health, business, recreation or religious purposes which led governments to issue passports and visas and take initiatives to their citizens abroad. Increase in tourism has been beneficial for the entire world connecting all the destinations to one another. However, there have been problems associated with developing nations where the government capacity is limited and tourist numbers are increasing. These nations rely highly on tourism and are severely affected when tourism is discouraged on the grounds of criminal activities and safety and security issues. â€Å"These issues and many more like the environmental issues have grown as international tourism arrivals have soared to over 800 million annually. By 2020 that figure is expected to be over 1.6 billion† (World Trade Organization, 1997). Despite these factors, tourism development opens doors to various employment opportunities for the developing nations. 2.2.3 IMPACTS OF TOURISM Tourism is amongst the fastest and most diverse sectors of the economy. It has been a focus of many governments, especially for developing economies, to try and develop tourism as one of the most attractive sectors of the domestic economy. Tourism invariably impacts every region, culture, people, country etc that it touches. These impacts are an intriguing mix of the good and the bad for the region. Governments have to make a trade off between the advantages offered by tourism and the negative impacts brought in by it. Mings and Chulikpongse (1994) have noted tourisms role as an agent of change, bringing myriad impacts on regional economic conditions, social institutions and environmental quality. The impacts of tourism can be categorized into the following parts i.e. Economic Impacts, Socio-Cultural Impacts and Environmental Impacts. 2.2.3. ECONOMIC IMPACTS: In most cases, economic benefits lead to the focused growth of tourism as a sector in any country. Today, tourism is one of the worlds foremost sources of export earnings, if global tourism income and international transportation receipts are included. According to Keiko Noji (2001), Governments focus on tourism development as it presents the easy route to accumulating and increasing the foreign reserves, creating jobs and contributing to over all economic growth. Private sector, which brings commercial gain to the country, is a leading force in the tourism industry. In many cases, foreign capital dominates the domestic and international market and tourism expenditure goes outside of the country. There are potential positive and negative impacts of such tourism development. 2.2.3.1 Financial: Tourism helps the host community earn various pecuniary gains in the form growth in the foreign exchange reserves, Gross Domestic Product, growth in regional commercial enterprises and for individuals as well. For e.g. the contribution of Travel Tourism to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Indiahas been forecasted to remain constant at 6.1% in 2008 to 6.1% in 2018. Also, Export earnings from international travelers and tourism goods contributed 6.7% of total exports in 2008, and it is anticipated that this will rise to 4.4% of total in 2018 (Source: World Travel Tourism Council 2008). 2.2.3.2 Employment Opportunity: Tourism development in a region leads to the more employment opportunities and higher wage rates for men and women and access to better training for employees. Lee (1996) studied the economic effects of tourism in New Zealand and concluded that tourism performed better than most industries in generating employment and tax revenues and performed moderately well in distributing income among household income classes. Cukier-Snow and Wall (1994) also examined tourism employment growth in Bali, concluding an increase in the employment of women. The contribution of the Travel Tourism Economy to employment â€Å"in India is expected to rise from 30,491,000 jobs in 2008, 6.4% of total employment, or 1 in every 15.6 jobs to 39,615,000 jobs, 7.2% of total employment or 1 in every 13.8 jobs by 2018† (Source: World Travel Tourism Council 2008). The pluses associated with tourism overpower the negatives it brings with it. However, negative impacts associated with tourism can not be ignored. The employment is often part-time and low paid. The skilled positions are occupied by foreign nationals and therefore there is disparity in the income distribution pattern often associated with leakages. 2.2.3.3 Services: Tourism creates growth opportunities in a region. It leads to the creation of new facilities, utilities and recreation facilities that would not have been possible or financially viable to provide in the community. Tourist expectations can lead to better service by local shops, restaurants, and other business operators and entrepreneurs. The tourist traffic in a community leads to better facilities such as fire department, police, and health services which also benefits the local residents. However, long-established and conventional services may be forced out or relocated due to competition with tourist interests. Water, power, fuel, and other shortages may be experienced because of increased pressure on the infrastructure. 2.2.3.4 Others: Other economic impacts of tourism includes expansion of the economic base (i.e., diversification), Inter-sectoral linkage and Multiplier effects, growth of entrepreneurship as products and services can be locally produced by tourism related and other business, creation and growth of infrastructure facilities, betterment of social services and encouragement of regional development in underdeveloped areas. The most profound impact that tourism has on the host economy is through the development and growth of infrastructure in the domestic country. 2.2.4 SOCIO CULTURAL IMPACTS: Tourism can be act as either an international peace maker and can help in understanding or it can be a destructive force attacking different cultures, ecology, and local communities (Mirbabayev. B, Shagazatova. M). Thus, development of a tourist destinations and its associated conveniences and benefits require a detailed plan in order to achieve triumph over the negativity associated with it, especially in developing countries where conserving and developing the quality of life of local populations is challenging. The social and cultural implications of tourism necessitate thorough and detailed deliberations, as effects can either translate into long term benefits or detriments to communities. A nations culture and social environment is extremely vulnerable and thus it needs protection and preservation, as tourism is an eroding force of modernization. ( Hing. N, Dimmock. K, 1997) 2.2.4.1 Cultural Impacts: Local culture of a region or country is the focal point for attracting tourists to the region. Though the local sculpture, music, dance, cuisine, clothing, handicrafts and traditional customs, ceremonies and folklore are a source of attraction, tourism can lead to commercialization and misuse of these very assets. This will further lead to the deterioration, degradation and finally the disappearance and the local culture. Some of the customary activities of a region may seem absurd to the tourists may lead the tourists to oppose and derogatory activities against the local culture (Xavier, 2001). Cultural aspects of host regions act as tourist attractors, but are simultaneously vulnerable to acculturation. Though it has a negative impact on the local traditions, various authors have studied that it can assist in the preservation process. According to a study carried out by Teye, tourism can contribute to greater understanding between North and South Africa by developing cultural tourism which promotes host-guest experiences and not than superficial encounters, (Hing. N, Dimmock. K, 1997). In another case study on the impacts of tourism on the Khajuraho temple in India, it is stated that tourism can bring economic relief and prosperity to local community, with minimal socio-cultural costs. (Hing. N, Dimmock. K, 1997) 2.2.5.2 Social Impacts: Social interface amid tourists and local community may result in mutual appreciation, understanding, acceptance, awareness and learning. It gives the host community a big boost in confidence and esteem, and reduces prejudices and abolishes preconceived notions and perceptions. Local communities are benefited through contribution by tourism to the improvement of the social infrastructure for example development of roads, parks, museums, health care institutions, internet cafes etc. Robinson (1999), states that there is no evidence that proves that tourism is bringing different cultures together. Tourism can increase tension, hostility, and suspicion. Tourism has an adverse impact on the traditional practices, the perception of the residents. Unbalanced population structures, displacement of local people, a negative behavior by visitors toward residents and an adverse effect on the overall community life. Various studies have been carried out to determine that an increase in tourism has a direct impact on the increase in crime rate of a destination, as most often tourists are the victims to these criminal acts (McElroy, Tarlow Carlisle, 2007). Tourism can and often does lead to problems such as prostitution, alcoholism, gambling and drug trafficking. There are few tourist destinations immune to this problem (Noji.K, 2001). Hence it is extremely essential to promote tourism in the region while ensuring that it provides both incomes as well as generates respect for the local tradition and culture. 2.3 Food Tourism Food Tourism is all about food as a subject and medium, destination and vehicle, for tourism. It is about individuals exploring foods new to them as well as using food to explore new culture and ways of being. It is about groups using food to ‘sell their histories and to construct marketable and publically attractive identities, and it is about individuals satisfying curiosity. Finally it is about experiencing of food in a mode that is out of the ordinary, that steps outside the normal routine to notice difference and the power of food to represent and negotiate the difference. Folklorist, food scholars and food aficionados have long fascinated by occasions of exploratory eating- instances of eating the new, the unfamiliar, the alien- and by the institutional cookbooks and folklife festivals. These occasions and include variety of food related behaviours and reflect complex network of cultural, social, economic and aesthetic systems as well as individual preferences. The definition of what constitutes adventurous eating is a contextual one that depends on the perspective and motivations of the eater. The author states that the purpose of food tourism as a framework is to try together the notion of perspective and variety of instances in which a foodways is considered representative of the other. Lucy M Long (2007) defines food tourism as the international as the international, exploratory participation in the foodways another-participation including the consumption, preparation and presentation of food items, cuisine, meal system or eating style considered to a culinary system that no one owns. This definition emphasis on the individual as an active agent in constructing meaning within a tourist experience and it allows for an aesthetic response to food as a part of the experience. Exploration and internationality define these instances as tourism. Valence Smith (1989) defines a tourist as a temporarily leisured person who voluntarily visits a place away from home for the purpose of experiencing a change. The culinary tourist participates for the purpose of experiencing a change in foodways not merely hunger. Nelson Graburn (1989) proposed that for the tourist to experience is a journey from profane to the sacred as a way to embellish and add meaning to ones life. The tourist experience offers not only new cultures and new sights, but also a new way of perceiving those sights and these new way eventually enhance an individual. Johan Urry (1990) developed this notion of tourism as quantitative category of experience, defining it as a kind of viewing he refers to as a â€Å" tourist gaze†. This gaze is different from â€Å"every day looking† in that it attends to difference . It notices contrast and distinctiveness , it shifts the ordinary action and objects out of the ordinary world enable ling and encouraging viewers to rcognise their power as symbols , entertainment and art. 2.4 Authenticity and Culinary Tourism in Mughlai Restaurants across Delhi and Agra Food tourism has long been linked with authenticity in Mughlai restaurants across Delhi and Agra. Lifestyle magazines such as Gourmet and Travel Leisure reveal the connection between food and tourism. On the other side , backpacker guides like the Lonely Planet always include sections on local foods and where to eat while traveling. As these magazines demonsterate food and tourism go hand in hand. But when eating is tourism, a whole new theoretical framework arises. Culinary tourism, the exploration of foreign foodways as a representative of an other provides a framework for interrogating the various intersections between tourism and foodways (Long, 1998). The term authensity has been widely used to study both foodways and tourism, it can also be applied within the frame work of culinary tourism to have a better understanding about social dynamics, particularly the process of identity construction and va